The Haft Seen
A major tradition of Norouz is the setting of the Haft Seen (هفت سین) - the seven 'S's, seven items starting with letter S or "seen" (س) in Persian alphabet), which are seven specific items on a table symbolically corresponding to the seven creations and the seven holy immortals protecting them. Today they are changed and modified but some have kept their symbolism. Every family attempts to set as beautiful a Haft Seen table as they can, as it is not only of special spiritual meaning to them, but also is noticed by visitors to their house during Norouzi visitations and is a reflection of their good taste.
The following list is an example of some common Haft Seen items, though there isn't consensus as to which seven:
sabzeh - wheat, barley or lentil sprouts growing in a dish (symbolising rebirth)
samanu - a sweet pudding made from wheat germ (symbolising affluence)
senjed - the dried fruit of the jujube tree (love)
seer - garlic (medicine)
seeb - apples, (beauty and health)
somaq - sumac berries (the colour of the sunrise)
serkeh - vinegar (age and patience)
sonbol - the fragrant hyacinth flower (the coming of spring)
sekkeh - coins (prosperity and wealth)
Other items on the table may include:
pastries
lit candles (enlightenment and happiness)
a mirror
painted eggs, perhaps one for each member of the family (fertility)
a bowl with two goldfish (life, and the sign of Pisces which the sun is leaving)
a bowl of water with an orange in it (the earth floating in space)
rose water for its magical cleansing powers
the national colours, for a patriotic touch
a holy book (e.g., the Qur'an, Kitáb-i-Aqdas, Bible, Torah or the Avesta) or a poetry book (almost always either the Shahnama or of Hafez)
In harmony with the rebirth of nature, the Iranian New Year Celebration, or NOROOZ, always begins on the first day of spring. Nowruz ceremonies are symbolic representations of two ancient concepts - the End and the Rebirth; or Good and Evil. A few weeks before the New Year, Iranians clean and rearrange their homes. They make new clothes, bake pastries and germinate seeds as sign of renewal. The ceremonial cloth is set up in each household. Troubadours, referred to as Haji Firuz, disguise themselves with makeup and wear brightly colored outfits of satin. These Haji Firuz, singing and dancing, parade as a carnival through the streets with tambourines, kettle drums, and trumpets to spread good cheer and the news of the coming new year.
The origins of NoRuz are unknown, but they go back several thousand years predating the Achaemenian Dynasty. The ancient Iranians had a festival called "Farvardgan" which lasted ten days, and took place at the end of the solar year. It appears that this was a festival of sorrow and mourning, signifying the end of life while the festival of NoRuz, at the beginning of spring signified rebirth, and was a time of great joy and celebration.
Beautiful Love
Always, deep within my soul,
I know we have a love like no other.
What we share is something others
only hope for and dream of,
but few ever experience.
Our love is magical beyond belief.
Always, without hesitation,
you give of yourself completely.
You have reached the very depths of my soul,
bringing out emotions I never knew I had
and unveiling an ability to love
I never thought possible.
"I Am Not Yours"
by Sara Teasdale
I am not yours, not lost in you,
Not lost, although I long to be
Lost as a candle lit at noon,
Lost as a snowflake in the sea.
You love me, and I find you still
A spirit beautiful and bright,
Yet I am I, who long to be
Lost as a light is lost in light.
Oh plunge me deep in love -- put out
My senses, leave me deaf and blind,
Swept by the tempest of your love,
A taper in a rushing wind.
Sara Went Shopping
Sara Smith, a Pasadena resident, went shopping. She is 30, and has lived at 3037 N. Foothill Street since 1992. Sara has been married to John for seven years. They have two children; Bob is five years old and Nancy is three. Sara owns a 1995 four-door blue Toyola. At 9 a.m., Sara got into her car and drove to Barget, a department store a mile away.
Barget was having a holiday sale. Sara bought a four-slice toaster for $29.95 plus tax. The regular price was $39.95. She paid by check. On her way home, Sara stopped at MilkPlus to buy a gallon of nonfat milk. The milk was $3.50. Sara got 50 cents back in change.
Sara arrived home at 10 am. John and the kids were still sleeping. She woke them up and then made a hot and nutritious breakfast for everyone.
The Bat, the Birds, and the Beasts
A great conflict was about to come off between the Birds and the Beasts. When the two armies were collected together the Bat hesitated which to join. The Birds that passed his perch said: "Come with us"; but he said: "I am a Beast." Later on, some Beasts who were passing underneath him looked up and said: "Come with us"; but he said: "I am a Bird." Luckily at the last moment peace was made, and no battle took place, so the Bat came to the Birds and wished to join in the rejoicings, but they all turned against him and he had to fly away. He then went to the Beasts, but soon had to beat a retreat, or else they would have torn him to pieces. "Ah," said the Bat, "I see now,
"He that is neither one thing nor the other has no friends."
"She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses," cried the young Student; "but in all my garden there is no red rose."
From her nest in the holm-oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered.
"No red rose in all my garden!" he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. "Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched."
"Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like pale ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow."
برای دیدن ادامه داستان اینجا را کلیک کنید
The Wolf and the Lamb
Once upon a time a Wolf was lapping at a spring on a hillside, when, looking up, what should he see but a Lamb just beginning to drink a little lower down. "There's my supper," thought he, "if only I can find some excuse to seize it." Then he called out to the Lamb, "How dare you muddle the water from which I am drinking?"
"Nay, master, nay," said Lambikin; "if the water be muddy up there, I cannot be the cause of it, for it runs down from you to me."
"Well, then," said the Wolf, "why did you call me bad names this time last year?"
"That cannot be," said the Lamb; "I am only six months old."
"I don't care," snarled the Wolf; "if it was not you it was your father;" and with that he rushed upon the poor little Lamb and ate her all up. But before she died she gasped out:
"Any excuse will serve a tyrant."
زمان حال ساده Simple present tense
این زمان توصیف کننده عملی است که به صورت عادت روزانه انجام می شود ، یا به عبارت دیگر بیان کننده عملی است که به طور دائم به وقوع می پیوندد.
ساختار زمان حا ل ساده به ترتیب زیر است :
قید زمان + قید مکان + مفعول + فعل + فاعل
Subject + verb + object + adverb of place + adverb of time
مثال :
من علی را هر روز در کلاس می بینم. I see Ali in the class every day
تذکر : فعل سوم شخص مفرد در زمان حال ساده s یا es می گیرد.
مثال :
او هر روز به کلاس می آید. He comes to class every day
نکته : چنانچه فعلی به یکی از حروف (z – x – o – ch – sh – s ) ختم شود در سوم شخص مفرد باید به آخر آن es اضافه گردد .
نکته : چنانچه فعلی به y ختم شود و قبل از y یک حرف بی صدا باشد در سوم شخص مفرد و در زمان حال ساده تبدیل به ies می شود.
مثال :
He tries to explain the lesson well. او سعی می کند که درس را خوب توضیح دهد.
ولی اگر قبل ازy یک حرف صدا دار باشد در سوم شخص مفرد فقط s می گیرد.
مثال :
او پیانو را خیلی قشنگ می نوازد. She plays the piano very beautifully.
برای منفی کردن زمان حال ساده بایستی از دو فعل کمکی do وdoes با کمک not استفاده کرد.
بدین ترتیب که از does برای سوم شخص مفرد و برای سایر ضمایر از do استفاده می شود.
مثال:
من نامه نمی نویسم . I do not write the letter.
او نامه نمی نویسد . He does not write the letter.
برای سوالی کردن جملات زمان حال ساده افعال کمکی do و does را در ابتدای جمله و قبل از فاعل
قرار می دهیم. بدین ترتیب که از فعل dose برای سوم شخص مفرد و برای سایر ضمایر از do استفاده می شود.
مثال:
آیا تو به خانه برادرت می روی ؟ Do you go to your brother’s house ?
آیا او جمعه ها به این جا می آید ؟ Does he come here on Fridays ?
بعضی از علائم زمان حال ساده
قیود تکرار مانند: often (اغلب)، always ( همیشه )، usually ( معمولا ) ، seldom ( به ندرت)،
rarely ( به ندرت )، sometimes ( گاهی اوقات )، at times ( گاه گاهی ) و غیره از علائم زمان
حال ساده بوده و محل آن ها بعد از فاعل و قبل از فعل اصلی است.
مثال:
من اغلب او را می بینم. I aften see him her.
او معمولا به موقع به اینجا می آید. He usually comes here on time.
Teacher: if I take a potato and divide it into two parts , then into four parts , and each parts into to parts , what would I have?
Little Emily:" potato salad"
معني واژه ها
To take برداشتن
To divide into تقسيم كردن
Part قسمت
Each هر
Then بعد
Potato salad سالاد سيب زميني
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